The 19th century saw a variety of conspiracy theories, many of which were influenced by the political, social, and technological changes of the time. Here’s a list of some notable conspiracy theories from the 19th century:
- Masonic Conspiracies: Continuing from the 18th century, suspicions about the Freemasons persisted, with theories suggesting they were seeking to control governments or other powerful institutions.
- Illuminati Continuation Theories: Despite the original Bavarian Illuminati disbanding in the late 18th century, conspiracy theories persisted throughout the 19th century, claiming that the group continued to operate and influence global events.
- Anti-Catholicism and Jesuit Conspiracies: In various parts of Europe and the United States, there were widespread theories about Catholics, particularly Jesuits, trying to infiltrate and control governments and other institutions.
- The Protocols of the Elders of Zion (late 19th century): Originating in Russia in the late 19th century and gaining notoriety in the early 20th century, this fabricated document purported to outline a Jewish plan for global domination.
- John Wilkes Booth Conspiracy Theories (1865): Following the assassination of Abraham Lincoln, theories circulated that John Wilkes Booth was part of a larger conspiracy involving different groups, including possibly the Confederate government.
- The Reptilian Elite: Although more popularized in the 20th century, the idea that a group of shape-shifting reptilian beings could infiltrate human society and control the world has its roots in earlier folklore and gained a conspiracy theory angle in the 19th century.
- Jack the Ripper Theories: Numerous conspiracy theories emerged about the identity and motivations of Jack the Ripper, the unidentified serial killer in London, ranging from theories involving the British royal family to elaborate plots by secret societies.
- The Curse of Tippecanoe or Tecumseh’s Curse (1840s): A legend or theory suggesting that a curse was placed upon American presidents elected in years ending in “0”, starting with William Henry Harrison’s death in 1841.
Remember, these are conspiracy theories, meaning they are not supported by credible evidence and often contradict established facts. They should be approached critically.